Federal Tax Deductions for Home Renovation (2023)

TURBOTAX ONLINE GUARANTEES

TurboTax Individual Returns:

  • 100% Accurate Calculations Guarantee – Individual Returns: If you pay an IRS or state penalty or interest because of a TurboTax calculation error, we'll pay you the penalty and interest. Excludes payment plans. This guarantee is good for the lifetime of your personal, individual tax return, which Intuit defines as seven years from the date you filed it with TurboTax. Excludes TurboTax Business returns. Additional terms and limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.
  • Maximum Refund Guarantee / Maximum Tax Savings Guarantee - or Your Money Back – Individual Returns: If you get a larger refund or smaller tax due from another tax preparation method by filing an amended return, we'll refund the applicable TurboTax federal and/or state purchase price paid. (TurboTax Online Free Edition customers are entitled to payment of $30.) This guarantee is good for the lifetime of your personal, individual tax return, which Intuit defines as seven years from the date you filed it with TurboTax. Excludes TurboTax Business returns. Additional terms and limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.
  • Audit Support Guarantee – Individual Returns: If you receive an audit letter from the IRS or State Department of Revenue based on your 2022 TurboTax individual tax return, we will provide one-on-one question-and-answer support with a tax professional, if requested through our Audit Support Center, for audited individual returns filed with TurboTax for the current 2022 tax year and, for individual, non-business returns, for the past two tax years (2021, 2020). Audit support is informational only. We will not represent you before the IRS or state tax authority or provide legal advice. If we are not able to connect you to one of our tax professionals, we will refund the applicable TurboTax federal and/or state purchase price paid. (TurboTax Free Edition customers are entitled to payment of $30.) This guarantee is good for the lifetime of your personal, individual tax return, which Intuit defines as seven years from the date you filed it with TurboTax. Excludes TurboTax Business returns. Additional terms and limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.

TurboTax Business Returns:

(Video) 8 Tax Writeoffs for Homeowners: Deductions & Credits List For 2023

  • 100% Accurate Calculations Guarantee – Business Returns. If you pay an IRS or state penalty or interest because of a TurboTax calculation error, we'll pay you the penalty and interest. Excludes payment plans. You are responsible for paying any additional tax liability you may owe. Additional terms and limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.
  • TurboTax Audit Support Guarantee – Business Returns. If you receive an audit letter from the IRS or State Department of Revenue on your 2022 TurboTax business return, we will provide one-on-one question-and-answer support with a tax professional, if requested through our Audit Support Center, for audited business returns filed with TurboTax for the current 2022 tax year. Audit support is informational only. We will not represent you before the IRS or state tax authority or provide legal advice. If we are not able to connect you to one of our tax professionals, we will refund the applicable TurboTax Live Business or TurboTax Live Full Service Business federal and/or state purchase price paid. Additional terms and limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.
  • Satisfaction Guaranteed: You may use TurboTax Online without charge up to the point you decide to print or electronically file your tax return. Printing or electronically filing your return reflects your satisfaction with TurboTax Online, at which time you will be required to pay or register for the product.
  • Our TurboTax Live Full Service Guarantee means your tax expert will find every dollar you deserve. Your expert will only sign and file your return if they believe it's 100% correct and you are getting your best outcome possible. If you get a larger refund or smaller tax due from another tax preparer, we'll refund the applicable TurboTax Live Full Service federal and/or state purchase price paid. If you pay an IRS or state penalty (or interest) because of an error that a TurboTax tax expert or CPA made while acting as a signed preparer for your return, we'll pay you the penalty and interest. Limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.
  • 100% Accurate Expert-Approved Guarantee: If you pay an IRS or state penalty (or interest) because of an error that a TurboTax tax expert or CPA made while providing topic-specific tax advice, a section review, or acting as a signed preparer for your return, we'll pay you the penalty and interest. Limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.

TURBOTAX ONLINE/MOBILE PRICING:

  • Try for Free/Pay When You File: TurboTax online and mobile pricing is based on your tax situation and varies by product. TurboTax Free Edition ($0 Federal + $0 State + $0 To File) is available for simple tax returns only (see if you qualify) and has limited functionality; offer may change or end at any time without notice. Actual prices for paid versions are determined based on the version you use and the time of print or e-file and are subject to change without notice. Special discount offers may not be valid for mobile in-app purchases.
  • TurboTax Live Assisted Basic Offer: Offer only available with TurboTax Live Assisted Basic and for simple tax returns only. Not all taxpayers qualify. Must file by March 31, 2023 to be eligible for the offer. Includes state(s) and one (1) federal tax filing. Intuit reserves the right to modify or terminate this TurboTax Live Assisted Basic Offer at any time for any reason in its sole and absolute discretion. If you add services, your service fees will be adjusted accordingly. If filed after March 31, 2023 you will be charged the then-current list price for TurboTax Live Assisted Basic and state tax filing is an additional fee. See current prices here.
  • Pays for itself (TurboTax Self-Employed): Estimates based on deductible business expenses calculated at the self-employment tax income rate (15.3%) for tax year 2021. Actual results will vary based on your tax situation.
  • Anytime, anywhere: Internet access required; standard data rates apply to download and use mobile app.
  • Fastest refund possible: Fastest tax refund with e-file and direct deposit; tax refund time frames will vary. The IRS issues more than 9 out of 10 refunds in less than 21 days.
  • Get your tax refund up to 5 days early: Individual taxes only. When it’s time to file, have your tax refund direct deposited with Credit Karma Money™, and you could receive your funds up to 5 days early. If you choose to pay your tax preparation fee with TurboTax using your federal tax refund or if you choose to take the Refund Advance loan, you will not be eligible to receive your refund up to 5 days early. 5-day early program may change or discontinue at any time. Up to 5 days early access to your federal tax refund is compared to standard tax refund electronic deposit and is dependent on and subject to IRS submitting refund information to the bank before release date. IRS may not submit refund information early.

    For Credit Karma Money (checking account): Banking services provided by MVB Bank, Inc., Member FDIC. Maximum balance and transfer limits apply.

    No Fees: Third-party fees may apply. Please see Account Terms & Disclosures for more information.

  • Pay for TurboTax out of your federal refund: Individual taxes only. A $39 Refund Processing Service fee applies to this payment method. Prices are subject to change without notice.
  • TurboTax Help and Support: Access to a TurboTax product specialist is included with TurboTax Deluxe, Premier, Self-Employed, TurboTax Live Assisted and TurboTax Live Full Service; not included with Free Edition (but is available as an upgrade). TurboTax specialists are available to provide general customer help and support using the TurboTax product. Services, areas of expertise, experience levels, wait times, hours of operation and availability vary, and are subject to restriction and change without notice. Limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.
  • Tax Advice, Expert Review and TurboTax Live: Access to tax advice and Expert Review (the ability to have a Tax Expert review and/or sign your tax return) is included with TurboTax Live Assisted or as an upgrade from another version, and available through December 31, 2023. Intuit will assign you a tax expert based on availability. Tax expert and CPA availability may be limited. Some tax topics or situations may not be included as part of this service, which shall be determined in the tax expert’s sole discretion. For the TurboTax Live Assisted product, if your return requires a significant level of tax advice or actual preparation, the tax expert may be required to sign as the preparer at which point they will assume primary responsibility for the preparation of your return. For the TurboTax Live Full Service product: Handoff tax preparation by uploading your tax documents, getting matched with an expert, and meeting with an expert in real time. The tax expert will sign your return as a preparer. The ability to retain the same expert preparer in subsequent years will be available starting December 2023 and will be based on an expert’s choice to continue employment with Intuit. Administrative services may be provided by assistants to the tax expert. On-screen help is available on a desktop, laptop or the TurboTax mobile app. Unlimited access to TurboTax Live tax experts refers to an unlimited quantity of contacts available to each customer, but does not refer to hours of operation or service coverage. Service, area of expertise, experience levels, wait times, hours of operation and availability vary, and are subject to restriction and change without notice.
  • TurboTax Live Full Service – Qualification for Offer: Depending on your tax situation, you may be asked to answer additional questions to determine your qualification for the Full Service offer. Certain complicated tax situations will require an additional fee, and some will not qualify for the Full Service offering. These situations may include but are not limited to multiple sources of business income, large amounts of cryptocurrency transactions, taxable foreign assets and/or significant foreign investment income. Offer details subject to change at any time without notice. Intuit, in its sole discretion and at any time, may determine that certain tax topics, forms and/or situations are not included as part of TurboTax Live Full Service. Intuit reserves the right to refuse to prepare a tax return for any reason in its sole discretion. Additional limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.
  • Smart Insights: Individual taxes only. Included with TurboTax Deluxe, Premier, Self-Employed, TurboTax Live, TurboTax Live Full Service, or with PLUS benefits and is available through 11/1/2023. Terms and conditions may vary and are subject to change without notice.
  • My Docs features: Included with TurboTax Deluxe, Premier, Self-Employed, TurboTax Live, TurboTax Live Full Service, or with PLUS benefits and is available through 12/31/2024. Terms and conditions may vary and are subject to change without notice.
  • Tax Return Access: Included with all TurboTax Free Edition, Deluxe, Premier, Self-Employed, TurboTax Live, TurboTax Live Full Service customers and access to up to the prior seven years of tax returns we have on file for you is available through 12/31/2024. Terms and conditions may vary and are subject to change without notice.
  • Easy Online Amend: Individual taxes only. Included with TurboTax Deluxe, Premier, Self-Employed, TurboTax Live, TurboTax Live Full Service, or with PLUS benefits. Make changes to your 2022 tax return online for up to 3 years after it has been filed and accepted by the IRS through 10/31/2025. Terms and conditions may vary and are subject to change without notice. For TurboTax Live Full Service, your tax expert will amend your 2022 tax return for you through 11/15/2023. After 11/15/2023 TurboTax Live Full Service customers will be able to amend their 2022 tax return themselves using the Easy Online Amend process described above.
  • #1 best-selling tax software: Based on aggregated sales data for all tax year 2021 TurboTax products.
  • #1 online tax filing solution for self-employed: Based upon IRS Sole Proprietor data as of 2022, tax year 2021. Self-Employed defined as a return with a Schedule C/C-EZ tax form. Online competitor data is extrapolated from press releases and SEC filings. “Online” is defined as an individual income tax DIY return (non-preparer signed) that was prepared online & either e-filed or printed, not including returns prepared through desktop software or FFA prepared returns, 2021.
  • CompleteCheck: Covered under the TurboTax accurate calculations and maximum refund guarantees. Limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.
  • 1099-K Snap and Autofill: Available in mobile app and mobile web only.
  • 1099-NEC Snap and Autofill: Available in TurboTax Self-Employed and TurboTax Live Assisted Self-Employed. Available in mobile app only. Feature available within Schedule C tax form for TurboTax filers with 1099-NEC income.
  • Year-Round Tax Estimator: Available in TurboTax Self-Employed and TurboTax Live Assisted Self-Employed. This product feature is only available after you finish and file in a self-employed TurboTax product.
  • **Invite a Friend: Rewards good for up to 10 friends, or $250 - see official terms and conditions for more details.
  • Average Refund Amount: Sum of $3252 is the average refund American taxpayers received based upon IRS data date ending 12/30/22 and may not reflect actual refund amount received.
  • Average Deduction Amount: Based on the average amount of deductions/expenses found by TurboTax Self Employed customers who filed expenses on Schedule C in Tax Year 2021 and may not reflect actual deductions found.
  • TurboTax Online Business Products: For TurboTax Live Assisted Business and TurboTax Full Service Business, we currently don’t support the following tax situations: C-Corps (Form 1120-C), Trust/Estates (Form 1041), Multiple state filings, Tax Exempt Entities/Non-Profits , Entities electing to be treated as a C-Corp, Schedule C Sole proprietorship, Payroll, Sales tax, or Quarterly filings, and Foreign Income.

TURBOTAX CD/DOWNLOAD GUARANTEES

TurboTax Individual Returns:

(Video) Top 10 Tax Write Offs for Rental Property: 2023 Deductions

  • 100% Accurate Calculations Guarantee – Individual Returns: If you pay an IRS or state penalty or interest because of a TurboTax calculation error, we’ll pay you the penalty and interest. Excludes payment plans. This guarantee is good for the lifetime of your personal, individual tax return, which Intuit defines as seven years from the date you filed it with TurboTax Desktop. Excludes TurboTax Business returns. Additional terms and limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.
  • Maximum Refund Guarantee / Maximum Tax Savings Guarantee - or Your Money Back – Individual Returns: If you get a larger refund or smaller tax due from another tax preparation method by filing an amended return, we'll refund the applicable TurboTax federal and/or state software license purchase price you paid. This guarantee is good for the lifetime of your personal, individual tax return, which Intuit defines as seven years from the date you filed it with TurboTax Desktop. Excludes TurboTax Business returns. Additional terms and limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.
  • Audit Support Guarantee – Individual Returns: If you receive an audit letter from the IRS or State Department of Revenue based on your 2022 TurboTax individual tax return, we will provide one-on-one question-and-answer support with a tax professional, if requested through our Audit Support Center, for audited individual returns filed with TurboTax for the current 2022 tax year and, for individual, non-business returns, for the past two tax years (2021, 2020). Audit support is informational only. We will not represent you before the IRS or state tax authority or provide legal advice. If we are not able to connect you to one of our tax professionals, we will refund the applicable TurboTax federal and/or state license purchase price you paid. This guarantee is good for the lifetime of your personal, individual tax return, which Intuit defines as seven years from the date you filed it with TurboTax. Excludes TurboTax Business returns. Additional limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.

TurboTax Business Returns:

  • 100% Accurate Calculations Guarantee – Business Returns: If you pay an IRS or state penalty or interest because of a TurboTax calculation error, we’ll pay you the penalty and interest. Excludes payment plans. You are responsible for paying any additional tax liability you may owe. Additional limitations apply. See License Agreement for details.
  • Maximum Refund Guarantee / Maximum Tax Savings Guarantee - or Your Money Back – Business Returns: If you get a larger refund or smaller tax due from another tax preparation method by filing an amended return, we'll refund the applicable TurboTax Live Business or TurboTax Live Full Service Business federal and/or state purchase price paid. Additional terms and limitations apply. See Terms of Service for details.
  • Satisfaction Guarantee/ 60-Day Money Back Guarantee: If you're not completely satisfied with TurboTax Desktop, go to refundrequest.intuit.com within 60 days of purchase and follow the process listed to submit a refund request. You must return this product using your license code or order number and dated receipt.

TURBOTAX CD/DOWNLOAD

  • Installation Requirements: Download option requires a free online Intuit account. Product activation requires internet connectivity. You must accept the TurboTax License Agreement to use this product. Not for use by paid preparers.
  • TurboTax CD/Download Products: Price includes tax preparation and printing of federal tax returns and free federal e-file of up to 5 federal tax returns. Additional fees may apply for e-filing state returns. E-file fees may not apply in certain states, check here for details. Savings and price comparison based on anticipated price increase. Software updates and optional online features require internet connectivity.
  • Fastest Refund Possible: Fastest federal tax refund with e-file and direct deposit; tax refund time frames will vary. The IRS issues more than 9 out of 10 refunds in less than 21 days.
  • Average Refund Amount: Sum of $3252 is the average refund American taxpayers received based upon IRS data date ending 12/30/22 and may not reflect actual refund amount received.
  • TurboTax Product Support: Customer service and product support hours and options vary by time of year.
  • #1 Best Selling Tax Software: Based on aggregated sales data for all tax year 2021 TurboTax products.
  • Deduct From Your Federal Refund: A $40 Refund Processing Service fee applies to this payment method. Prices are subject to change without notice.
  • Data Import: Imports financial data from participating companies; May require a free Intuit online account. Quicken and QuickBooks import not available with TurboTax installed on a Mac. Imports from Quicken (2020 and higher) and QuickBooks Desktop (2020 and higher); both Windows only. Quicken import not available for TurboTax Business. Quicken products provided by Quicken Inc., Quicken import subject to change.

All features, services, support, prices, offers, terms and conditions are subject to change without notice.

(Video) Are Home Improvements Tax Deductible

FAQs

What home renovation expenses are tax deductible? ›

In general, home improvements aren't tax-deductible, but there are three main exceptions: capital improvements, energy-efficient improvements, and improvements related to medical care.

What is the 2023 home improvement Tax Credit? ›

Beginning January 1, 2023, the credit becomes equal to the lesser of 30% of the sum of amounts paid for qualifying home improvements or the annual $1,200 credit limit. In addition the the aggregate $1,200 limit, annual dollar credit limits apply to specific items including: Home energy audits: $150.

Can you write off remodeling expenses? ›

Home improvements and taxes

When you make a home improvement, such as installing central air conditioning or replacing the roof, you can't deduct the cost in the year you spend the money. But, if you keep track of those expenses, they may help you reduce your taxes in the year you sell your house.

What are considered home improvements for tax purposes? ›

According to TaxSlayer, examples of improvements include adding a new driveway, a new roof, new siding, insulation in the attic, a new septic system or built-in appliances. Improvements are typically tax-deductible, but some are only deductible in the year the home is sold.

Can you write off kitchen remodel your taxes? ›

Yes, kitchen upgrades are generally considered to be capital improvements under the IRS's guidelines. In fact, new kitchens, new kitchen appliances and new flooring can all qualify.

What is the federal home renovation tax credit? ›

Home Renovation Tax Credit [Active]

Eligible expenses include the cost of labour and professional services, building materials, fixtures, equipment rentals, and permits. Additionally, the $2,100 is split between the two years, meaning a maximum of $1,155 for 2021 and $945 for 2022.

How do you write off home improvements? ›

Home improvements on a personal residence are generally not tax deductible for federal income taxes. However, installing energy efficient equipment may qualify you for a tax credit, and renovations for medical purposes may qualify as tax deductible.

Is a bathroom remodel tax deductible? ›

But with that, you might be wondering: Is a bath remodel tax deductible? The short answer is no, as most remodeling projects completed at your personal residence can't be written off.

Is a new roof tax deductible in 2023? ›

Can I deduct the cost of a new roof? Unfortunately, you cannot deduct the cost of a new roof. Installing a new roof is considered a home improvement and home improvement costs are not deductible.

What repairs are allowable deductions? ›

Repairs fall into this category if they:
  • Fix a defect that existed before you bought the property.
  • Fix a defect that happened while the property was being made or built.
  • Enlarge or expand the property so that it has more capacity.
  • Increase the property's quality, strength, efficiency, or productivity.
Nov 29, 2022

Is a new water heater tax deductible? ›

Beginning 2023, the expanded version of 25C, now called the Energy Efficient Home Improvement Tax Credit (under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022) will provide up to $2,000 in tax credits for qualifying high efficiency water heaters as well as credits for electrical upgrades.

Is a new HVAC system tax deductible? ›

But how do you go about it? The great news is you can claim it when you file your income taxes in 2021, so now is the time to act! The best part? For qualified HVAC improvements, homeowners might be able to claim 25c tax credits equal to 10% of the install costs (up to a maximum of $500).

What happens if you don't have receipts for capital improvements? ›

What should I do? ANSWER: If you are audited by the IRS on the sale of your principal residence but you can't produce the receipts for capital improvements, the IRS auditor is authorized to accept reasonable cost estimates. Of course, the receipts are your best evidence of your renovation expenses.

Is carpet replacement a repair or improvement? ›

It's well settled that replacing an entire carpet in a rental property is an improvement, not a repair. In contrast, mending a hole in a carpet is a currently deductible repair. Unless one of the exceptions described below applies, you'll have to depreciate the cost of the carpet over the property's useful life.

Can I write off finishing my basement? ›

You can only claim it during the tax year you sell the property. Home improvements that can increase resale value and are eligible for tax breaks include: Building an addition. Finishing a basement or attic.

Is interest on home renovation tax deductible? ›

Under Section 24 of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961, the interest that is payable on the home improvement loan is however tax deductible for up to Rs 30,000 p.a. This forms a part of the complete tax benefit of Rs. 1,50,000 that is available per annum under this section for the interest paid on home loans.

Can you write off new windows? ›

2022 Window & Door Tax Credit. You may be entitled to a tax credit of up to $500*** if you installed energy-efficient windows, skylights, doors or other qualifying items in 2022**. Current federal tax credits for certain energy-efficient improvements to existing homes have been extended through December 31, 2022.

What is the standard deduction for senior citizens in 2023? ›

2023 Standard Deduction

Taxpayers who are at least 65 years old or blind can claim an additional standard deduction of $1,500 is allowed for 2023 ($1,850 if you're claiming the single or head of household filing status).

Is flooring tax deductible? ›

“Whether you use part of your house, a single room, or part of a room, as long as you use it regularly for your business, you can deduct 100% of the improvements. This includes anything from painting or adding new lighting to installing new windows or flooring.

Is bathroom remodeling tax deductible? ›

But with that, you might be wondering: Is a bath remodel tax deductible? The short answer is no, as most remodeling projects completed at your personal residence can't be written off.

Can you write off new windows on your taxes? ›

How much can I claim for new windows, doors and/or skylights on my tax return? You could be eligible for an energy-efficient home improvement tax credit of up to 10% of the cost (not including installation), up to $500 for doors and skylights. There is a $200 cap on windows.

Is plumbing repair tax deductible? ›

The simple answer is no. You can't deduct the cost of a plumbing repair, no matter how major, from your taxes.

What energy-efficient improvements are tax deductible? ›

Qualified energy efficiency improvements include the following qualifying products: Energy-efficient exterior windows, doors and skylights. Roofs (metal and asphalt) and roof products. Insulation.

Is a new hot water heater tax deductible 2023? ›

Energy Efficiency Tax Credits for 2023

Beginning in 2023, the Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit will be worth 30% of the total cost of eligible projects up to $1,200 per year (or $2,000 per year for heat pump water heaters and heat pump space heaters).

Can you claim window blinds on taxes? ›

The shades qualify for a 30% tax credit up to $1,500, not including installation costs.

Is replacing an air conditioner a repair or improvement? ›

You may also want to know the difference between improvements and repairs for things that may be considered necessities like heating or air conditioning units. If you have to replace the entire system instead of just fixing it, it is considered an improvement.

Is installing a heat pump tax deductible? ›

The federal tax credit covers up to 30% of qualifying heat pumps' purchase and installation labor costs (up to $2,000). This credit applies to new and existing homes and can be claimed in the same tax year as the purchase was made, starting in 2023 and ending in 2032.

What air conditioning units qualify for the tax credit? ›

All ENERGY STAR certified packaged systems are eligible. Note: Under the tax code, eligible equipment must “meet or exceed the highest efficiency tier (not including any advanced tier) established by the Consortium for Energy Efficiency which is in effect as of the beginning of the calendar year.”

What is the difference between repairs and improvements? ›

Here's a rule of thumb: An improvement is work that prolongs the life of the property, enhances its value or adapts it to a different use. On the other hand, a repair merely keeps property in efficient operating condition.

Is painting a repair or improvement? ›

By itself, the cost of painting the exterior of a building is generally a currently deductible repair expense because merely painting isn't an improvement under the capitalization rules.

Videos

1. Top 5 Tax Deductions for Homeowners| MAXIMIZE Your Tax Refund
(A Penny Pinchers Guide to Personal Finance)
2. Rental Property Tax Deductions (What Can You Deduct Now vs Depreciate Over Time?)
(Richey Property Management)
3. Doonan Tax Tips: Are home improvements deductible?
(Doonan Tax)
4. How to Maximize your Home Improvement Tax Credit | Rob.CPA
(Rob CPA | Personal Finance & Tax Planning )
5. Do You Qualify for a Home Renovation Tax Credit? TurboTax Tax Tip Video
(TurboTax)
6. Home Repairs and Tax Deductions - TurboTax Tax Tip Video
(TurboTax)
Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Rev. Porsche Oberbrunner

Last Updated: 03/03/2023

Views: 5411

Rating: 4.2 / 5 (53 voted)

Reviews: 92% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Rev. Porsche Oberbrunner

Birthday: 1994-06-25

Address: Suite 153 582 Lubowitz Walks, Port Alfredoborough, IN 72879-2838

Phone: +128413562823324

Job: IT Strategist

Hobby: Video gaming, Basketball, Web surfing, Book restoration, Jogging, Shooting, Fishing

Introduction: My name is Rev. Porsche Oberbrunner, I am a zany, graceful, talented, witty, determined, shiny, enchanting person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.